2.
  -2024
..  
 
(    -I)
:      :100
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.        ?
2.        '-
-
3.      
4.   ?         
-
5.       
6.     ?     
2.
-
7.       '   
8.    '  
  -2024
..  
 
(    -I)
:      :100
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.        ?
:   -    -      

'    ,    , -      
,
 '  ,             

     ,        
    -
 ,    :      ,  
 '   ,      ,     
  
,       , "   
  ?  
 
  ?         ?"     
2.
              
   :      ?   ,    ?
   ,             
 
       ,       
      
    ,     -
 ,           ,
 ,  ,    ,     '
  :
1. :         
2.  :   ',     

 
3.  :        
4. :, -,         
  
5. :           
 
6. :               
     
  ,            
    
              

       ,     
   ,
 ?   , ,         
          , ""   
 ?
                 
,      '  
   ,    
     
    -   
    ,            
        
 ,    '    -     
               
  
 ;    ,     ,     
 ,  -            , 
2.
,        ,        
    
    '    
          ,    
 '         :
1.  
     
        
        :
      
  ?
      
 ?
      ?
       
 ,      ,  
 
            '  
2.  
       ,       
 '           ' 
   ,      ,     
'  
;   ,       
       
3.    
       ,  :
  :,       '  

 :        
:      ,     
       
:          
 :     , , 
    
    
      
    
     
2.
4.   
  ,           
      ,         
     '     ,   '   
   -           
            
      
5. 
      ,        
              ,
          '      
       '
6.  
             
               
   :
:
     -       
  
 :            
  :  '       
       
 ,     ,      
 
    
           ,  
      ,    , ,
           ,   
       
 
 ,        ,       
                 
     

 ,          
  ,             -
 

;        
 
2.
  
                
 
        
    
;  , -             
        ,        

 ,     ,         
 ,            -     ,
               
; ,    
 
 
        '        
 ,         ,    '  
             
  ,     ,       
     
  ,  ,          
 - , -   -         
            ,  
  ,          
              '   
 
 ,           '   
           ,    
              
     
 
 
,   -        
  , -    -,  , ,
      -  '     :
 :-        
    
:   '         

2.
 :,      ' - 
 ,        
 
 :,        
   
   
            
      -     
 
,        ?      
 
  ,     '   ,     
  ,          ,  
 ,   ,        , 
  ,            
 ,     
 
      , "       ,  
     "           
      
        
    ,          
  ,
     
 
    ' ,  
  
; 
,  
  -           
   
,             ,  
,        
     , ,      

 - ,            
2.        '-
:"       " -  
 

   
             
,   ,    -   :  ,
 , ,  ,         
      ,   ,   ,     
2.
            ,       , 
  
 : "
       "
         
       
"    " 
         
  ,            '   
   ?
" "  1839           
()    ()      ,   , 
       
       ,    
 ,   

 ,        
   ,       ,    
        

         ,     '  
   - 
      
  ?
1.     '     
      ,       ,
      ,      
            
              
2.          
  ,          
-    , -    :  ,
 ,  , 
     ,    
3.         
, , , , ,        
  
   ,          
     
2.
4.     
    - , ,    
    
  ""    ,  
       
:   ,   (),  
(),  (),   ( )   
     
       
    
   ,       
          ,   
       
:       
,    
 -   
    
  ,       
           , ,  
      
:            

  -     
   
      
               

:      ,       
      
    
-        
  ,      
,    -  -  -     - 
    
   
2.
        
          
:          
   
      
            ,   
   ,     
:        -    -
         
   
     "   "   ,   
    
  
1.  :       '   ,   
    '    
2.  :           
3.  :  , ,     
  
  
1.  :            (19
),                 ?
2.   ' :     ,   
      
3.  :            '
 ;    

4.    :   ',       
 "" 
  
    
   () ,
    (),
   (),
   ()
2.
     ?         
 - 
            ""  
 ,    
 : 
       
  
              
      "" 
       
 

"       "        
         '     ,  
     ,          ,
        - -,   
,     ' 
       '
                   
            
  
      -            
  
 :     
-
3.      
:        -       
        -      ,   ,   
          
   , 
  
                 
   ,   -  ;   ,   
               :  
         ,    , 
  ,            ,  
  ,         
   
             , -,
              ,
    '    , ,        
 ,           ,    
2.
 ,   '    
          
 
           "Gemeinschaft"
     ,         ,
     '       
  

    ,     
        ,
 ,     -         
   
        :
1.  : -          
 ,            '
 
2.    :      ,   
       -     
3.  : ,    '   , 
' 
             
 
4.   :   '      ,   
     
5.  :       ,     
 
    '   
    ,       ,    
,               '  
        ,      ' 


   
,             ,  ,
                   
 '     
     -,  
-  
""    ""    ,    
           ,     
    
,         
      :
2.
1.  :         
 ,            
 
       ,       
   
2.  :    ,  , ,  
       -   

3. -:        ,  ,
,    ,       
  
4.   :      ,     
    '  
   
5.   :        
     ,         
    
       - -,     
                ,
    ,            
   ,    
     
              ,   
        :
  ,          ,   
,  
 ,           ,
        
  ,      ,    '  
,   '   ,  -    , -
        

      :



  
   
  

, -
-  -

, ,   

;    
 

, -,   
 , ,    


-;   
 
;     

2.

, ,  -
,  , 

     ,           
 
 

          :
1.  :        
    
   ,   -  ,   
  
  ,            
     ,      
-    ,       , 
        
2.   :,       
'      -         
,     ,      
 
 
         '      -
       -   
       '       
 
  
,             ,  
     
 
  
        -    ; 

       
1.   :  -        
              
          , 
 CSR        
2.   :        
   ,      
 
 
3.    :      
-      ,     
'        ,    
   ,        
2.
     
           
;    
    :
 - ()         
 ()           
 ,        ,    
  
             (
)        ( )  
     
 ,            
    '   

                

 , , ,  -    

 -, ,          
 ,         ,   
               
          ,      
      ,      
           ;    
  ,     ,    
 
 
    , 
       

 ,     
 ,      
  
        '  
,   
           ' - 
4.   ?         
:  ?      
 

      ,  
 
  -  ,  , 
        , ,     
2.
,              :    
     
  -            -   ,
     ,     ,  
    
 
    ,     ,    

 
  
       ,    ""  ""  
 ,      
,  ,     -
    
  ,  "    " 
   "           "
  
 ,       '   
 -     , 
         
     
    ,     
 -        
,  
 ,  
 ,      

    ,    , ,     
    
 ,      '           
    
     
             
 
1.      ,    
     
         

  ,   
 ,   
 ,   


:     
 -  ,     
    ,     
2.
2.    
    
,    - , , , 
        
:        
 -  ,  
       
3.    
      
          
  
     ,      
:   ,     ,    ,  
          
4.     
     , , -,  
      
:             
5.   
     ,     
 ,        
 
:  ,      - ,    
  
6.   -
    '         
 
 , ,    
:    
 ,    
 ,   
     '   
7.     
 , -, ,    
   
        ,   
 
2.
:   ,          
   
8.    
      -  ( )  - ()
     ,    ,  -
 
:               
9.     
, , ,        
 
      
:      ,     ,  
   
10.      
  
 -       
, ,         
:         ,     
  
11.    
        
     - , ,   -     
:      ,       
 
12.      
       
 ,     
 
      ,      
: 
 "" 
,   
     , 

 ,        
   
2.
   '  
         ,    ' 
  :
:  , ,          
 
 
:  ,          ,
 ,         
 
 :       
    ,
       '   
  
    
 
        
       
      
      
     
 ,              
    ,           
   -         

     
 -  ,  ,     
      
    ,   ,  
  
     -  , , , ,    -
     

    ,   
,   
,  


 ,      
           

           ,   , 
         
2.
-
5.       
:    -           ,  
 ,     -        
  
 , 
     ,     ,   
   ,            
   
 ,   ,          
     ,   ,      
               
  '  
    :  
 ,          
      -  -
, -,               ,
    
, ,        
    ,        ", -
   " 
                 
         
   ,       
   ,     '   
     
; 
  , ,     
  ,    '        ,      
          ,  
  ,  ,          ,
         -      ,    ,
            ,  
               
   
       :
1. - :    '   ,    

  , -      
2.  :      ,     
   
3.     :    ,     
2.
4.  ' :      ,     
  
5.  :           
    ,   ,   ,   
  ,             
 -,      -   
  :  
,                 ,  
           , 
   
   
      ,    
      
     ,   ,      
   
  ,    -         '
            '  
    ,         ,   ,
                ,  
   ,  ,    
     -     ,      
   ,           -  
 
       ,          
 '              
 ,        ,        
   '           
          
       :
1. -:           
2.  :    ;      
3.    :            
  
4.  :    ,         
5. - :   ,   , ,  
,   '   
    ,   ,    ,   , 
           
   
    ,         
2.
      
 
    -  ,       
      

 
 



  

 , 
 , 

 , 
  ,  

    ,
   
  -

  - '
 
 ,   
  '

-, 
, -

,  
    , 
,  
             ,  
,     -          
   ,   
 ,    ,    
 ,     -   ,      ,
       '   
      
  
       ,  ,   
             
      , ,    
 ,       ,  ,     
-       
   ( )             
 ( )    ,       ,  
                ,
              
,            
   
  ,             
'                
     
 ,      
2.
       
        
 ,      
 
   
   ,    :
1.  :
o : -, -, -     
    
o   :     
 ,    ,    
o  :           
       
2.  :
o   : , ,         
  
o  :        
   '         
o  :           
    
o  :       ;       
      
 
  
             
 
  ,           
:         , -
   ,    

      
    
    :     
      ,      
 
  :          
   ,           
    '   ,    

 
   : -,     
     ,     
             
' -            
     
2.
  
 
          ,     
      
      ,   
    
       ,   ,
         ,   , -
     ,  
,     
     ;    ,       
   ,     ,        
   
 ,       ,         
  ,       
 ,   , 
 ,         
 
  , 
          
 ,             
   -  
 -      , 
           
6.     ?     
:     
 

                    
        -  ,        : " 
      ?      ?"
  ,     
   -        
            -     -  
  
   
      -  , ,  
        
2.
    ?
" "    1942        
    ,    :
       -,    
    
         
  (    ) 
     
      (   ,
,   )
         
  ,   
          
 
 ,       
 -       

   
,           
  
    
   
     ,      :
1.     , -     :
     - 
 
2.   - ,  ,       
    :        
 
3.       
      
   :       
4.   -     
      :
      " "   
5.   -     
     
:             

   
       :      ?
1.     
                
   
         
2.
         
          '   
:    -         
2.     
, ,    '         
 
  
        ,  
-
        
        ,  
  
 
:         
3.    
        
        
        
          
:             
4. -  

              
    : "  ?"
    ""    
     

    ""    
      
  
:   -     
5.    
         
              
 
2.
             
:           
6.      

            
        -,    


            
:      ,    
 
7.      
     
         
         
          
:       
8.    
  ,      ,      , 
     
      
      
:       
9.    
          
           ,  
    
           
:       
 
2.
     ,       

 :     ,    , 
   
 :     '   , -
      
 :            , 
  ,        
 ,      -          , 
  '     
      
  
  '      , 
     
     
  '       
     : " , 
    !"
    : "   ,   "
    : "    "
   ,        
  
   ,  
           
 

         
       
   -  ,       :  
,   ,    ,   , 
 ,   ,         

  ',              
  ,      -        
         -        ,  
      
 ,           
 ,  
  -     ,       
2.
-
7.       '   
:               

        -            -
,     '         -
   , ,       ?     
        
   
  ,    '     ,   
             '   
                
 
1.    ?
    ,       (1856–1939)   
         ,         
    
          
     ,     '    - 
,           ,  
       
;      
     
2.    :       
        ()      ,    
   
 : , ,        
:
:     , ,      
                
           
:     ,          
      '   ,   
    
                 
           
:  ,         
                
  ,        
2.
,              
   :    ,    ,   
         ,     '
         '   
3.   -   :     
       '    -  
 
 "-"      ,        
               
  :
a)   (  1  )
: (, )
  :  , ,           

 :          
   ,         
:       ,     
'      -         
 
)   (1  3 )
:,      '
  :            
         
 : -        
    ;         
 
:          ,    
     ,         
  
c)   (3  6 )
: , ,   
:          
  -      -    

 :    
,     
 
 
2.
 :           
  
:            
   ;           

d)   (6  12 )
:   
  :    ;      '
   
 :     , ,   ,
  
:     ,      
      -         
  
e)   (12   )
:    
 :          
  
:    ,      ,
         


   ,      ,      
      '        
4.       
         
? 
   
'          ,        
     :
      
    
  -, ,      
     
 "  "           

2.
5.      
        - ,     -  
 ,         ( ,   -)
  ,     
   ,   
  
;            
     
:           , " !
   !"    , "
,    !"  
 : "     "       
  
       -   
    
6.  :    
-    ,           
    
  ,        
-            
    
    :
:       :  
   
      
:       : 
   -  
:  '      
 :       
     
       
         
7.    
      '   ,        '

              
 , ,  ,   ,      
         ,     , 
              
8.    
      
    :
    '   
2.
      ,    
   
   ,       
? 
  
             
     ,        
      
9.   :   
 , ,   ,   ()        
      ()   ,        
       ()       -  
           
         
  -  
  
10.      
     ,  
     :
      
       
     ,   '    
        '     -   
  -        ,    

2.
 ,               
                 
   ,      ,     
           -  
,   
   ,          
     
    ,    
             
     
       -  

 -    ,          
           , 
 
                 
8.    '  
:  
 

            , -    

 -, , ,    
,   
             
   
 ?  , -      ? 
   
 -     : , , ,
, , -,              
  
 
  
            , -
, -             
  
              
  -   ,      
 
   
1.  -    
2.
              
  :  ,        
-  :   ,    

        
 :             
 :   ,   -    
:               -  
 
 :  -  , , ,    
               
     
2.   -   
-    ,      
    -   
    -       
 :   ,     ,    '
  
  :      , -   


  :          
:         
     
,            
 :    ( ,    ) 
 (          )    
3.  -  
             
  
  :     ,     
       
  :     
,   -,  
      
  : -  ,  ,   
 (, ,  
) 
 
2.
:   ,   ,      
   
 :          -   
     ,           
4.   -  
   ,  , , ,    
       
  :   ,    
   
 :  , ,       
 :         - 
   
 :  -,  ,     
  
 
:                 
  
 :   , - ,    

         - 
5.  -  
   '       
 -: , ,      
 
  : ,      
   
  :       
:           ,  
   
 :     ,          
 
6. -  
          
2.
     : , ,     
 : ,      
  
: -           
 :       ,          
 ,       
7.    -  
    
        
 :   ,     
 :    ,    -
 
:            
 
:       
,        
    
 :          , 
,  
8.    
,  ,    
,      
 :  ,  ,     
 : ,      
 
 : ,         
 
:             

 
   '  
 :      ,  
 
 ,       
 :     '  ,  
     
 :   ,        
,          
2.
  
   
   ,      
 
    ,      ?
  ,       
 ,           

      
          
   ,       
  ,     
         

            -  ,
       ,       ,    
  ,        
  -     
  
 
  ',         ,  
              
       
 ,       ,       
    ,  - ;   , 
, 
     
"               

       ,         "